Space telegraphy.



J. S..STONE'.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY A'PPLIOATI'ON FILED DEC. 8, 190a WITNEEE E- PATENTED.AUG. 16, 1904.

PatentedAug'ust 16, 1904.

L UNITED STATES 1 PATENT OFF C JOHN STONE STONE, or CAMBRIDGE,MAssAcnusErTsAssieNoR To WILLIAM w. swan, TRUSTEE, OF'BROOKLINE,MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE T'ELEGRAPHY.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent no; 767,988, dated Augustis, 1904. Original application filed November 25, 1903, fierial No.182,684. Divided and this application filed December 8, I903. Serial Toall whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN STQNE STONE, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Cambridge, in the county of MiddlesexandStateofMassachusetts, have invented a. cer-.

.tain new and useful Improvement in'Spac'e Telegraphy, of whichthefollowing is a speciproducing electric vibrations in an elevatedconductor, preferably vertically elevated. In

my Letters Patent No. 7 14,7 56, dated December,'1 902,1 have describedsuch system of space telegraphy in which forced simple harmonic electricvibrations are developed in an elevated conductor by means of a sonorousor persistently-oscillating circuit associated therewith.

In this system and in other systems of space telegraphy inoperationto-day ithas been found necessary to employelevated transmit--ting-conductors of considerable height in order to transmit appreciableamountsof energy j by electromagnetic waves over commercial distances.

This invent1on. con. 1stsof an apparatus for transmitting large amountsof energy by electromagnetic waves without the use of'tlie 7 highvertical conductorheretofore employed.

- The invention may be best understood by having-reference to thedrawings which ac 7 company and form apart of tli1s'speciticat1on. Inthe drawing the figure represents va'r1- ous embodiments of myinventionwhereby the'employment of a h1gh'vert1cal conductor is renderedunnecessary.

' In the figure, A is an alternating-current generator.- .t' is akey. MMare transformers. I1 I2 are the primary and secondary windings oftransformer M. L'L are inductances. C(J'are condensi gap. V is anelevated conductor consisting s is a spark- (N0 model.)

of a metal .plate, preferably circular inform and parallel to earth andwhose diameter, and consequently whose periphery, is preferably greatcompared to its distance from the ground. However, a metallic plate ofother shape or any other suitable laterally-extending member may beemployed, andpreferably its distance from ;the ground should be smallcompared to its smallest dimension.

The natural period of the sonorous circuit 8 Q L L is made equal to thefundamental period of the elevated-conductor system, consisting of themetal plate V or other suitable laterally-extending member anditsconnection 0 I: E to earth or to soine harmonic of such fundamentalperiod, and'for this purpose the electromagnetic constants ofthesonorous circuit may be varied. {In inductance 'L or-a condenser (l maybeconnected' in the circuit 012 fOFlJlIQDTlI'POSE-S hereinafter setforth.

The function of the auxiliary inductance L 1s, as explained in myhereinbefore-mentioned Letters Patent, to swamp the effect of themutual'inductance between the sonorous circuit and. theelevated-conductor system and to thereby reduce the complex ofinterrelated circuitsto the equivalent of a system-of circuits eachhaving a single degree of freedom, so that simple harmonicelectromagnetic Waves of a frequency determined by the capacity andinductance of the sonorous circuit may be radiated.-

quency is equal to the fundamental frequency 3 The reactance at thedriving-point 0 for n of the elevated conductor V. For any fur- ,therincrease in frequency from'this point the reactance at the driving-point0 becomesin the nature of an nductance reactance.

which increases as the frequency is further increased, the curve whichshows the variation of reactance with frequency becoming asymptotic withthe ordinate drawn in the positive direction from the point on the axisof abseissae representing the first harmonic 2-" of the fundamentalfrequency 72/. As the frequency passes through the value 2" thereactance at the driving-point suddenly changes from an inductancereactance of infinite value to a capacity reaetance of infinite value,the curve which shows the variation of reactance with frequency beingasymptotic to the ordinate drawn in the negative direction from thepoint on the axis of abseissae representing the first harmonic 2 of thefundamental frequency a. When the frequency is equal to the firstharmonic 2 and the reactance at the driving-point 0 is infinite, theelevated-conductor system refuses to vibratez'. a, theelevated-conductor system is then equivalent in length to a half-wavelength of the oscillations impressed upon it. As the frequency isfurther increased from the first harmonic the capacity reaetanee againwanes,-

becoming zero when the frequency is equal to the second harmonic 3 ofthe fundamental frequency w, and so on. In other words, the curveshowing the variation of reactaneeat the driving-point o with frequencyis a discontinuous curve, which is zero when thefrequency is equal tothe fundamental frequency 72, which passes from plus infinity to minusinfinity as the frequency passes through the value 2, which is zero whenthe frequency is 3, which passes from plus infinity to minus infinitywhen the frequency passes through the value 4, which is zero whenthefrequency is 5, and 'so on, thepositive values of said curverepresenting inductance reactances and the negative values thereofrepresenting capacity reactances. v

When the reactance at the driving-point 0 is a capacity reactance, aninductance of suitable value is inserted in the conductor 0 L; E,connecting the center 0 of the plate V to earth, as shown at L, Fig. 2,in order to balance said reactance, so that the fundamental period ofthe elevated-conductor system will be equal to the frequency of theoscillations or vibrations developed by the sonorous circuit s C Il L orto some multiple or submultiple of such frequency.

When the reactance at driving-point o is an inductance reactance, acondenser of suitable value is inserted in the conductor 0 I2 E, 'asshown at C, Fig. 3, in order to balance said reactance so that thefundamental period of the elevated-conductor system will be equal to thefrequency of the oscillations or vibrations developed by the sonorouscircuit s C11 L or to some multiple or submultiple of such frequency.

In Fig. 4 an alternating-current generator of frequency high comparedwith the alterdamental of the elevated-conductor system to.

the frequency of the currents developed by the generator or to someharmonic of such frequency.

This application is a division of my application. Serial No. 182,634,filed November, 25, 1903.

I clain 1. In a system of space telegraphy, an eler vated-conductorsystem comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with itsdistance above the earth, and means fol-developing electric vibrationstherein:

2. In a system of space telegraphy, an ele' vated-eonductor systemcomprising a'mctallie plate of periphery large compared with itsdistance above the earth and means for developing forced electricvibrations therein.

3. In a system of space'telegraphy, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with itsdistance above the earth, and means for developing forced, simpleharmonic electric oscilla-.

tions therein.

4. In a system of space telegraphy, an clc-.

vated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery largecompared with its distance above the earth, and means for developingtherein electric vibrations of a period equal to the fundamental periodof said clevated-eonductor system or to some harmonic of suchfundamental period.

5. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its disitance. above the earth and'means, including an inductance-coil,connecting said plate to earth.

6. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with itsdistance above the earth and means, including an inductance-coil,connecting said plate to earth, in combination with means for developingelectric vibrations in said elevated-conductor system.

7. In a system of space telcgraplrv, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with itsdistance above the earth and means, including an inductance-coil,connecting said plate to earth, in combination with means for developingtherein electric vibrations of a period equal to the fundamental periodof said clevated-conduetor system or to some harmonic of suchfundamental period.

8. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its (listanceabove the earth and means connecting said plate to earth, in combinationwith also- ICC norous circuit for developingelectric vibrations in saidelevated-conductorsystem.

9. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a metallic plate of periphery large, compared With itsdistance above the earth-and means connecting said plate to earth, incombination with a sonorou's circuit for developing therein electricvibrations of a period equal to the fundamental period of saidelevatedmonductor system orto some. harmonic, of such fundamentalperiod.

In a system of space telegraphy; an elevated-conductor system comprisinga later-- allyeextending conducting member and means connectlng saldmember to earth, in comb1na- 'tion with a sonorous circuit fordeveloping electric vibrations in saidlevtted-cdnductor system. a i

11. In a systemof space telegraphy, an elev vated-conductor systemcomprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means connectingsaid member to earth, in combina tioriwith a sonorous circuit fordeveloping. therein electric vibrations of a periodequal to thefundamental period of said elevatedconductor system or to some harmonicof such fundamental per1od.-

12. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor systemcomprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means, I

including an inductance-coil, connecting said member to earth, incombination with a sonorous circuit for developing electric vibrationsin said elevated-conductor system.

f 13, In a system of space telegraphy,an ele vatedconductor systemcomprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means, includingan inductance-coil; connecting said membe'rto earth, ,in'c'ombinationwith a so norous circuit for developing therein electric yi brationsof aperiod equal to the fundamental period of said elevated-conductor system or to some harmonic of such fundamental I period.

14. In a system of space telegraphy, means for developing electricvibrations of [definite "frequency associated with an elevated-conductorsystem comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared wlth itsdistance above the earth and means for balancing the I reactance of theelevated conductor system for electric vibrations of said'detinitefrequency.'

15. ln a system of space telegraphy, a so-- norous circuit fordeveloping electric vibrations of definite frequency associated with anelevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate ,of peripherylarge compared w th its distance abovethe earth and means for 1: l-

ancing the reactance of theelevated-conductor Witnesses:

' tions of definite frequency associated with-an elevated-conductorsystem comprising a inetallic plateof periphery large compared withitsdistance above the earth and an inductance-coil for balancing thereactanceof the elevated-conductor system for electric v1bra tions ofsaid defimte' frequency.

18. In a system of space telegraphy, meansfor developing electricvibrationsof definite 1 frequency associated with an elevated-con ductorsystem comprising a laterally-extendingcon'ducting .member and means forbal ancing the reactance of said elevated conductor system for electricvibrations of said definite frequency.

19. In a systemof space telegraphy, a sonorouscircuit for developingelectric vibrationsof definite frequency associated with anelevated-c'onductorc system comprising a lateral'ly .-'extendingconducting member and means for balancing the reactanceof saidelevated-conductor system for electric vibrations of said definite.frequency.

20. In a system of space telegraphy. means for developing electricvibrations of definite frequency associated Withan elevated-conductorsystem comprising a laterallyextcnch,

lng conducting member and an inductancecoil for balancing the reactanceof said elevated-cond'uctor system for electric vibrations of saiddefinitefrequency.

21.- In a syste'mof space tele raph a sonorous circuit for developing ecctric vibrations of definite frequency associated with anelevated-conductor system "comp ri'siu g' a laterally-extendingconducting member and an inductance-coil for balancing the reactance ofsaid elevated-conductor system for electric vibrations of said definitefrequency.

ISO

In testimony 'whereof I have hereunto sub- 7 scribed my name this 7thday of l.)ecenibor.

- JOHN STONE STONE.

ALEX. P. Bnowsn. BRAmnnp 'l. J'Uniuxs.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 767,988, grantedAugust 16, 1904, upon the application of John Stone Stone, of Cambridge,\lusszichusetts, for an improremeut in Space Telegraphy, errors appearin priuted specification requiring correction, as follows: On page 1,line 38, the Word drawing should read drawings,

: the word figure should read figures, and the word represents shouldread represent; on page 2, in lines 7, S, 16, 1S, and 35, the symbol 2"should read Zn, in lines 27 and 36 the symbol 3" should read 3n, in line38 the symbol 1" should read 4n,

and in line 39 5" should read 5:1 and that the said Letters Patentshould be read with this correction therein that the same may conform tothe record of the case in the Patent Oflice. I

Signed 21nd sealed this 4th day of July, A. D. 1905.

[SEAL] I F. I. ALLEN,

Conmnissioner of Patents.

